311 lines
13 KiB
C++
311 lines
13 KiB
C++
/*
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=============================================================================
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FireFly Morse Throwie
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- a light controlled (LED as Sensor) morse blinker throwie with ATTiny85
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=============================================================================
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Project definitions, sources
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Version: 0.2 - ATTiny85, 1 MHz, BOD fuse disabled
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gitea : https://gitea.togo-lab.io/tgohle/0001-FireFly
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Date : 2026-06-13
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Inspired by Karl Lunt's FireFly project:
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http://www.seanet.com/~karllunt/fireflyLED.html
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Morse code reference:
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'A', ".-" 'B', "-..." 'C', "-.-."
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'D', "-.." 'E', "." 'F', "..-."
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'G', "--." 'H', "...." 'I', ".."
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'J', ".---" 'K', "-.-" 'L', ".-.."
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'M', "--" 'N', "-." 'O', "---"
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'P', ".--." 'Q', "--.-" 'R', ".-."
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'S', "..." 'T', "-" 'U', "..-"
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'V', "...-" 'W', ".--" 'X', "-..-"
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'Y', "-.--" 'Z', "--.."
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'1', ".----" '2', "..---" '3', "...--"
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'4', "....-" '5', "....." '6', "-...."
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'7', "--..." '8', "---.." '9', "----."
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'0', "-----"
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'.', ".-.-.-" ',', "--..--" '?', "..--.."
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'!', "-.-.--" ':', "---..." ';', "-.-.-."
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'(', "-.--." ')', "-.--.-" '"', ".-..-."
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'@', ".--.-." '&', ".-..."
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Legal stuff / Copyright:
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License_-_CC_BY-NC_4.0
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https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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*/
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#include <avr/sleep.h>
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#include <avr/wdt.h>
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#include <avr/pgmspace.h> // FIX 3: needed for PROGMEM / pgm_read_byte
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#ifndef cbi
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#define cbi(sfr, bit) (_SFR_BYTE(sfr) &= ~_BV(bit))
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#endif
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#ifndef sbi
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#define sbi(sfr, bit) (_SFR_BYTE(sfr) |= _BV(bit))
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#endif
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// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// Timing: unit length in ms.
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// At 1 MHz, delay() is accurate when F_CPU=1000000L is set in boards.txt.
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// 100 ms gives readable optical Morse; raise to 150 if readability is poor.
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#define unitLength 100
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// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// LED pin definitions (N-side = cathode, P-side = anode for sensing/driving)
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#define LED1_N_SIDE 3
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#define LED1_P_SIDE 4
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// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// ATTiny85 has 512 bytes SRAM; this frees all of it for the stack.
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// Only uppercase letters, digits, and the special chars in the switch below.
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// Test only: 20 x "0" due 0 = "-----" most energy draining
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const char morseText[] PROGMEM = "0000000000000000000";
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// Ruler: 0...0....1...1....2 Attention: more Text
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// Ruler: 1...5....0...5....0 will cost more power!
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// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// Darkness threshold.
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// Higher value = triggers in brighter conditions.
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// Best calibrated at actual dusk/dawn with the chosen LED type.
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unsigned int darknessThreshold = 17000;
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// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// Watchdog interrupt flag — volatile because it is written in an ISR
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volatile boolean f_wdt = 1;
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// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// Forward declarations
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void setup_watchdog(int ii);
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void system_sleep();
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unsigned int sensDarkness(int LED_N, int LED_P);
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void morse(int LED_N, int LED_P);
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void dit(int LED_P);
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void dah(int LED_P);
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// ===========================================================================
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// Setup
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// ===========================================================================
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void setup()
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{
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// Disable unused peripherals immediately to save some µ/mA.
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// PRTIM1, PRUSI: genuinely unused, safe to gate off
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// PRADC: controlled manually around sensDarkness()
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// PRTIM0: must stay ON — delay() and millis() depend on Timer0
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PRR = (1 << PRTIM1) | (1 << PRUSI) | (1 << PRADC);
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// ADC is gated via PRR above; also clear ADEN just in case
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cbi(ADCSRA, ADEN);
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setup_watchdog(9); // 8-second watchdog interval
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// simple repeat if more delay is need, eg 4
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}
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// ===========================================================================
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// Main loop
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// ===========================================================================
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void loop()
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{
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if (f_wdt == 1) {
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f_wdt = 0;
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// Enable ADC only for the sensing window, then shut it off again.
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cbi(PRR, PRADC); // un-gate ADC clock
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sbi(ADCSRA, ADEN); // power ADC on
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if (sensDarkness(LED1_N_SIDE, LED1_P_SIDE) > darknessThreshold) {
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morse(LED1_N_SIDE, LED1_P_SIDE);
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}
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cbi(ADCSRA, ADEN); // ADC off
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sbi(PRR, PRADC); // re-gate ADC clock
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// Return LED pins to input (high-Z) before sleeping
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pinMode(LED1_N_SIDE, INPUT);
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pinMode(LED1_P_SIDE, INPUT);
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}
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// sleep 4 x 8 s = ~32 s between activations
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for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 1; i++) {
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system_sleep();
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}
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// f_wdt is set to 1 by the WDT ISR when the 8 s expire; no manual clear needed here.
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}
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// ===========================================================================
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// Sleep helpers
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// ===========================================================================
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void system_sleep()
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{
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set_sleep_mode(SLEEP_MODE_PWR_DOWN);
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sleep_enable();
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sleep_mode(); // CPU halts here until WDT fires
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sleep_disable();
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// ADC stays off - re-enable it in loop() only when sensing
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}
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// Watchdog setup - ii selects timeout:
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// 0=16ms 1=32ms 2=64ms 3=128ms 4=250ms 5=500ms
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// 6=1s 7=2s 8=4s 9=8s
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void setup_watchdog(int ii)
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{
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byte bb;
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if (ii > 9) ii = 9;
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bb = ii & 7;
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if (ii > 7) bb |= (1 << 5);
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bb |= (1 << WDCE);
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MCUSR &= ~(1 << WDRF);
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WDTCR |= (1 << WDCE) | (1 << WDE); // timed sequence - must not be split
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WDTCR = bb;
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WDTCR |= _BV(WDIE);
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}
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ISR(WDT_vect)
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{
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f_wdt = 1;
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}
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// ===========================================================================
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// Light sensor
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// ===========================================================================
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// Returns a "darkness level": higher = darker.
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// Charges the LED junction capacitor, then times how long it takes to bleed
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// back through the reverse-biased diode to a logic LOW.
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// ~30000 = pitch black, ~0 = bright light
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// return type is unsigned int (counter can reach 30000, fits in 16 bits)
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unsigned int sensDarkness(int LED_N, int LED_P)
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{
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unsigned int i;
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// Charge the LED (forward-bias momentarily)
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pinMode(LED_N, OUTPUT);
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pinMode(LED_P, OUTPUT);
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digitalWrite(LED_N, HIGH);
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digitalWrite(LED_P, LOW);
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// Let the N-end float and measure bleed-down time
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pinMode(LED_N, INPUT);
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digitalWrite(LED_N, LOW); // disable internal pull-up
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for (i = 0; i < 30000; i++) {
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if (digitalRead(LED_N) == 0) break;
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}
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// clean up after sensing
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pinMode(LED_N, OUTPUT);
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digitalWrite(LED_N, LOW);
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pinMode(LED_P, OUTPUT);
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digitalWrite(LED_P, LOW);
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return i;
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}
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// ===========================================================================
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// Morse helpers
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// ===========================================================================
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void dit(int LED_P)
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{
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digitalWrite(LED_P, HIGH); delay(unitLength);
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digitalWrite(LED_P, LOW); delay(unitLength);
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}
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void dah(int LED_P)
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{
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digitalWrite(LED_P, HIGH); delay(unitLength * 3);
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digitalWrite(LED_P, LOW); delay(unitLength);
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}
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// ===========================================================================
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// Morse sender
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// ===========================================================================
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void morse(int LED_N, int LED_P)
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{
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pinMode(LED_N, OUTPUT);
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pinMode(LED_P, OUTPUT);
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digitalWrite(LED_N, LOW);
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// read each character from flash with pgm_read_byte()
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// use < morseText length, not <= (avoids reading past the null terminator)
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uint8_t len = strlen_P(morseText);
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for (uint8_t i = 0; i < len; i++)
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{
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char c = (char)pgm_read_byte(&morseText[i]);
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switch (c)
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{
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// ----- Letters -----
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case 'A': dit(LED_P); dah(LED_P); break; // .-
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case 'B': dah(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dit(LED_P); break; // -...
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case 'C': dah(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dit(LED_P); break; // -.-.
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case 'D': dah(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dit(LED_P); break; // -..
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case 'E': dit(LED_P); break; // .
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case 'F': dit(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dit(LED_P); break; // ..-.
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case 'G': dah(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dit(LED_P); break; // --.
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case 'H': dit(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dit(LED_P); break; // ....
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case 'I': dit(LED_P); dit(LED_P); break; // ..
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case 'J': dit(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dah(LED_P); break; // .---
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case 'K': dah(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dah(LED_P); break; // -.-
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case 'L': dit(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dit(LED_P); break; // .-..
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case 'M': dah(LED_P); dah(LED_P); break; // --
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case 'N': dah(LED_P); dit(LED_P); break; // -.
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case 'O': dah(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dah(LED_P); break; // ---
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case 'P': dit(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dit(LED_P); break; // .--.
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case 'Q': dah(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dah(LED_P); break; // --.-
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case 'R': dit(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dit(LED_P); break; // .-.
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case 'S': dit(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dit(LED_P); break; // ...
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case 'T': dah(LED_P); break; // -
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case 'U': dit(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dah(LED_P); break; // ..-
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case 'V': dit(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dah(LED_P); break; // ...-
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case 'W': dit(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dah(LED_P); break; // .--
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case 'X': dah(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dah(LED_P); break; // -..-
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case 'Y': dah(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dah(LED_P); break; // -.--
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case 'Z': dah(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dit(LED_P); break; // --..
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// ----- Digits -----
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case '1': dit(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dah(LED_P); break; // .----
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case '2': dit(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dah(LED_P); break; // ..---
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case '3': dit(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dah(LED_P); break; // ...--
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case '4': dit(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dah(LED_P); break; // ....-
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case '5': dit(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dit(LED_P); break; // .....
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case '6': dah(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dit(LED_P); break; // -....
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case '7': dah(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dit(LED_P); break; // --...
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case '8': dah(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dit(LED_P); break; // ---.
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case '9': dah(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dit(LED_P); break; // ----.
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case '0': dah(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dah(LED_P); break; // -----
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// ----- Punctuation -----
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case ' ': delay(unitLength * 5); break; // word gap (5 + 3 = 8 units total)
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case '.': dit(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dah(LED_P); break; // .-.-.-
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case ',': dah(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dah(LED_P); break; // --..--
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case '?': dit(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dit(LED_P); break; // ..--..
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case '!': dah(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dah(LED_P); break; // -.-.--
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case ':': dah(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dit(LED_P); break; // ---...
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case ';': dah(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dit(LED_P); break; // -.-.-.
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case '(': dah(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dit(LED_P); break; // -.--.
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case ')': dah(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dah(LED_P); break; // -.--.-
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case '"': dit(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dit(LED_P); break; // .-..-.
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case '@': dit(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dit(LED_P); break; // .--.-.
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case '&': dit(LED_P); dah(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dit(LED_P); dit(LED_P); break; // .-...
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}
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// Inter-character gap: 3 units (the dit/dah functions already trail 1 unit,
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// so this adds the remaining 2 to reach the standard 3-unit gap).
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// Space case already handles word gap - no extra delay needed there.
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if (c != ' ') {
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delay(unitLength * 2);
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}
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}
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} |